Theory Theories, Subcultural Theory And Self Control Theory

This time, I am going to focus on these two theories, subcultural theory and self-control theory. The reason why I chose these theories is that I am studying abroad now and I have possibilities that I can be a person who have subcultural aspects and need to do self-control here in US. Anyway, subcultural theory was built by Merton. This theory describe that there are many people who completely adjust their own norms or rules and these things are totally different from the major social group, so they tend to be deviant ( Walsh Hemmens, 2014, p.151). On the other hand, self-control theory was built by Gottfredson and Hirschi. This theory describe that criminal behaviors are related to their lack of self-controlling abilities and such people often be like risk taker, impulsive and active ( Walsh Hemmens, 2014, p.194). Then, I would like to look at these theories one after another. Subcultural theory As I said in the introduction section, this theory focuses on the deviants who have their own norms that are totally different from majorities. According to Cohen, this deviants are often low class people who desire to success to be respected or rewarded ( revisesociology.wordpress.com). However, because of their poor educational environment, lacking of assets, and unstable working conditions, to be successful is really difficult. This condition makes them frustrating to be their status and makes them off fromShow MoreRelatedSubcultural Inequality Theory921 Words   |  4 PagesJewish Swiss who developed theories that represent extensions to the theories of strain, social disorganization, and differential association. He was also a student of Robert Merton and Edwin Southerland. Cohen argues that middle-class children experience strain and status frustration to which they respond to adopting one of three roles: college boy, corner boy, or delinquent boy. 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Lastly, I will come to the conclusion of which theory is best and possess the most utility and then discuss modifications to the others in order to improve their application. A. Labeling Under Edwin Lemert’s labeling theory the individual facilitates

The Constitution Holds Great Credit - 1365 Words

The constitution holds great credit even after two hundred and twenty-eight years of existence. Why? This is because of a number of reasons, first due to the fact that this document is the foundations of what this nation stands upon today and what finally brought the country in unison successfully after the revolution. Also because the constitution is the document that protects the citizens of all their liberties and rights still today, not to mention though it was signed in seventy eighty-eight it is still being used in the form it was written in its ratification era, with only twenty-seven changes that have had to be made over the years. That alone can show the significance of this document but the history of how the constitution was†¦show more content†¦Thus creating the document which gave little to no respect and power to the central government to intervene when rebellions and riots began to occur. Under the articles almost all the states in the union were in serious de bts and had currency that were worth nothing. With what we may call a recession today, rebellions began to rise to fight mainly the tax appointment that was putting many citizens in deep debt. One of the famous rebellions, Shays rebellion, was what many see as the last straw before having to reassemble and create a new constitution. With the problems form the articles five states met together in September 1786 to discuss trading problems but slowly transitioning to talk about how to improve the country’s well being. The men at this conference then went about to invite all the states representatives to a conference to discuss the revise the constitution. The invitation to this constitution began to show the divide in the peoples opinion and what further would be seen as political parties. Some of the states saw the constitutional convention as a conspiracy to create a central government with too much power, while other states felt that it was necessary with all the chaos that was occurring without one. With the ratification process finally beginning concerns were voiced; namely how to develop the structure of development, the

Fraud Theory Analysis Of Zamroon Nisha Inshanalli †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Fraud Theory Analysis Of Zamroon Nisha Inshanalli. Answer: Facts of the Case- It is to be stated that Ms. Inshanalli had plead guilty to a charge of fraud amounting to more than $5000. She was charged for breach of the provision stated in section 380(1) and 733.(1)(a) of the Criminal Code. Ms Inshanalli had defrauded the victim WSC Corporation Coppinwood Golf Club. Ms. Inshanalli had been employed as a book keeper to the victim for a time period starting from April 2014 to January 2016. During her employment period she had written 134 cheques fraudulently to herself. All the cheques were made to Zamroon Nisha Inshanalli and were deposited into three bank accounts all in the name of Zamroon Nisha Inshanalli. Further it is to be stated that out of the 134 cheques she had forged the signature of Gerard Waslens on 125 cheques. Zamroon Nisha Inshanalli is of 62 years of age and is married to RaffiqInshanalli with one son who is 34 years old and resides with them. Apparently her husband and son had been aware of her convictions for fraudulent activities of the past. The defendant in this case, Ms. Inshanalli had committed a total fraud of $463,824.42. However, the defendant has made a restitution of $54,000 dollars leaving $409,824.42 outstanding. Fraud Theory Analysis It is to be stated that there are a number of theories that can be applied to analyze the conduct of fraudsters and gain insight about the reason for commitment of the fraud. Some of the theories that can be applied to the case include: The Fraud Triangle theory- According to this theory it can be stated that there are three factors which can drive a trustworthy person to committing frauds. These factors are: Perceived Pressure- It can be stated that perceived pressure provides the motivation for committing fraud to most fraudsters. It can be said that a trustworthy person commits fraud when he encounters the financial problems that cannot be solved legitimately. He therefore resorts to unethical and illegal standards for solving the problem. Perceived opportunity- It can be stated that this factor generally provides insight about how the fraud takes place. According to this factor a trustworthy person also commits fraud when he perceives an opportunity to take advantage of the trust of the victim and abuse his trusted position. Rationalization- According to this factor it can be stated that most of the fraudsters are not criminal minded and seasoned criminals and there needs to be a personal justification of the fraudsters for committing the fraud. However this theory cannot be applied to analyze the reason for committing fraud in case of predatory fraudsters. After applying the principles of this theory to the facts of this case it can be stated that this theory cannot assess Ms. Inshanallis reason for committing fraud as she has been involved in other fraudulent activities in the past. She has an extensive history of committing frauds and criminal activities. She was first convicted on May 13 2004 in New Market where she had committed theft of $750,000. She had exhibited similar behavior, when she had stolen from her employer Sherwood Innovations a sum of $141, 000 over a period of two years from 2010 to 2012. She plead guilty to the charges and she was sentenced to a eighteen month conditional sentence following a two year probation period. Based on this behavior it can be stated that she exhibits behavior of a predatory fraudster. The Fraud Scale This theory was introduced in the year 1984 and was said to substitute the fraud triangle theory. This theory takes in to consideration the integrity along with the other factors of the fraud triangle. Integrity of a person can be assessed by assessing a persons commitment to ethics. The fraud scale theory can be predictive. It can be stated that a person with low pressure, low opportunity and low high integrity is less likely to commit fraud than a person with high a person with high pressure, high opportunity and low integrity. In this case the fraud scale does not completely apply as the defendant had exhibited similar behavior in the past on numerous occasions. However the element of integrity can be applied. She supposedly has low integrity. Therefore low integrity combined with high opportunity makes her more likely to commit fraud. Rational Choice Theory According to this theory there are three primary conditions of fraud: The fraudster often considers himself as a separate individual Individuals work to maximize their goals Individuals work in their self interest. The main principle of the Rational Choice Theory states that the crme is chosen based on the benefit of such crime. In this case Ms. Inshanalli had had committed fraud in order to maximize her financial status and well-being. It can be stated that she evaluated the benefits of the crime to be more than the cost of it as she was lightly punished on the previous occasions. Conclusion Thus in conclusion it can be mentioned that all of the three theories have provided insights into the factors responsible for committing frauds by fraudsters. In the case R vs Paterson, 2013 the court analyzed that the primary motive of the defendant behind committing fraud was his failing business. It can be stated that the victim had suffered a huge financial loss and this was the driving factor which led to the commitment of fraud. By applying the fraud theory to this case it can be stated that the defendant was under a lot of pressure and had the opportunity to take advantage of his position. Primarily because of this reason he had taken the decision to deviate from ethical and legal standards and commit fraud. However, in case of Ms. Inshanalli, there was no pressure on her to and she did not commit the fraud in order to provide relief to her situation. By applying the Rational choice theory it can be stated that she committed the frauds as it seemed to her that the benefits of the crime committed outweighed the cost of the same. She had indulged in the crime in order to sustain her lavish lifestyle. References: v. Inshanalli, 2017 ONCJ 234v. Paterson, 2013 BCPC 5 Cornish, D. B., Clarke, R. V. (Eds.). (2014).The reasoning criminal: Rational choice perspectives on offending. Transaction Publishers. Clarke, R. V. G., Felson, M. (Eds.). (1993).Routine activity and rational choice(Vol. 5). Transaction Publishers. Dorminey, J., Fleming, A. S., Kranacher, M. J., Riley Jr, R. A. (2012). The evolution of fraud theory.Issues in Accounting Education,27(2), 555-579. Ruankaew, T. (2016). Beyond the fraud diamond.International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research,7(1), 474-476. Kassem, R., Higson, A. (2012). The new fraud triangle model.Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences,3(3), 191.

Time Series Management free essay sample

This paper examines how a hypothetical business specializing in matrouchkas can use time series to help balance the businesss budget and inventory and the added complexities of working in the import field. This paper presents a hypothetical business venture and addresses several business management schemes which could help make it succeed. The writer first states the problem, presents research methodology, analyzes the methodology and finally presents results and recommendations. From the paper: Many businesses use time series methods as a way of helping to balance budgetary and inventory needs. This paper examines how a hypothetical business specializing in matrouchkas (which are Russian stack dolls, which range in retail price from about 15 dollars for simply painted double or triple dolls for thousands of dollars for the most elaborately painted dolls that cost upwards of $10,000) business can use time series to help balance the business budget and inventory and the added complexities of working in the import field (which is always complicated, but especially so in this field in which the changing politically situation has forced constant adjustments by American companies working with Russia firms). We will write a custom essay sample on Time Series Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page